Chapter 62: BATTLES OF HILF AL FUDUL- The Event that happened before Muhammad chosen to be a Prophet.



The Ḥarb al-fijār, the sacrilegious war, took place during the reign of al-Nuʿmān III (580-602 CE) who irrigated Quraysh, the controller of the trade route, by making the Hawazin tribe take care of his trade from Iraq to Ukaz. That made Quraysh take revenge and it became a long battle between the two parties that lasted for 4 years. It takes its name from the fact that its battles took place during the sacred months.

The leader of Quraysh and Kanana was Harb ibn Omayah, one of their elders and their most respected one.  Rasulullah was present in this battle; he used to collect and prepare the arrows that were thrown during the encounter.

Hilf al-Fudul (Arabic: حلف الفضول‎) was an alliance or confederacy created by the Makkans in the year 590 AD, to establish justice for all through collective action, even for those who had no connections to the powerful. Following the Fijar War, the Quraysh realized that the deterioration of their state and the loss of Makkah’s prestige in Arabia were the results of their inability to solve disagreements, creating internal division.

A Yemeni merchant from Zabid had sold some goods to a notable member of the clan of Sahm. Having taken possession of the goods, the man from Sahm refused to pay the agreed price. The wrongdoer knew very well that the merchant had no confederate or kinsman in Makkah, whom he could count upon for help. But the merchant, instead of letting it pass, appealed to the Quraysh to see that justice was done. In response, a meeting was hosted at the house of Abdullah ibn Jada’an. At the meeting, various chiefs and members of tribes pledged to: respect the principles of justice, and collectively intervene in conflicts to establish justice.

Among the members who agreed to the terms of the pact was  Rasulullah. Later on, after proclaiming Islam,  Rasulullah still acknowledged the validity and value of the pact, despite most of the members being non-Muslim, as it set an example of democracy.

Clashes that repeatedly occurred between Arab tribes during the forbidden months were referred to in general as the Fijar Battles. There are four such battles known to have taken place during the Age of Ignorance, the last one being between the tribes of Quraysh and Banu Qinanah (Jews), in which the future  Rasulullah, still twenty years of age at the time, also took part but without shedding any blood; he merely collected the stray arrows shot by the enemy and handed them to his uncles.

The battle came to an end in the month of Zulqadah, one of the months deemed holy by Arabs. Not long after, a Yemenite tradesman from the tribe of Zubayd arrived in Makkah to sell his goods. The Makkan, Âs ibn Wâil, one of the richest tradesmen of the town, purchased the goods brought by the man but did not pay the price he had promised. Helpless, the poor man asked the help of the strong clans Abd’ud-Dâr, Mahzûm, Jumâh, Sahm, and Adiyy ibn Kâ’b tribes, but to no avail. They even scolded him for seeking his rights.

Unable to find help in resolving the problem, the embittered Yemenite trader climbed the hill of Abu Qubays near the Kaabah and recited a poem, which began with the words ‘O Sons of Fihr’, referring to the reputed forefather of the Makkans, explaining the injustice he had suffered at the hands of As ibn Wail, calling out for the help of Makkans who had gathered around the Kaabah at that time. The first man making a move to help was Zubayr,  Rasulullah’s uncle, who organized a meeting at the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’an, attended by many notables of Makkans.

There, they made a solemn pledge to defend and restore the rights of anyone, beginning with the Yemenite, who suffers any injustice within the borders of Makkah, and to struggle against tyrants on behalf of the weak, “as long as mounts Hira and Sabir stood in their places and until there was enough water left in seas to moist a single strand of hair.”

The newly founded society remained strong even after they successfully regained the rights of the Yemenites from Âs ibn Wâ’il and remained on its feet to help the victims of injustice thereafter, trying its utmost to restore justice among people.

Being entrenched in justice and based on helping the weak, the Battle of Hilf’ul-Fudûl was the only society that  Rasulullah - supported during the Age of Ignorance, remembering the society with sympathy long after his Prophethood:

“I was present with my uncles at the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’ân when the Hilf’ul-Fudûl was established. So satisfied was I with it that being given red camels (the most prized Arab commodity at the time) in its place could not have satisfied me more. If I were invited to participate in such a society even today, I would certainly accept the offer without hesitation.” 

COOPERATION WITH ALL HUMANITY FOR JUSTICE IN HILF AL-FUDUL

Islam calls for Muslims and non-Muslims to cooperate with one another in good deeds, justice, and mutual benefit for humanity.

The precedent for this cooperation is the alliance of al-Fudul (Hilf al-Fudul), a pre-Islamic pact of justice made by the people of Makkah in which they pledged to support an oppressed person no matter what tribe he was from.  Rasulullah spoke highly of this pact and made clear that he would support any similar pact with non-Muslims after the advent of Islam.

Talha ibn Abdullah, رضي الله عنه, reported:  Rasulullah  said:

لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ فِي دَارِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ حِلْفًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِيَ بِهِ حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ وَلَوْ أُدْعَى بِهِ فِي الإِسْلامِ لأَجَبْتُ

Certainly, I had witnessed a pact of justice in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’an that was more beloved to me than a herd of red camels. If I were called to it now in the time of Islam, I would respond.

Source: Sunan Al-Kubra 12114, Grade: Sahih li ghayri

In another narration, رضي الله عنه, said:

لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ فِي دَارِ ابْنِ جُدْعَانَ حِلْفًا لَوْ دُعِيتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَأَجَبْتُ تَحَالَفُوا أَنْ تُرَدَّ الْفُضُولُ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا وَأَلَّا يَعُزَّ ظَالِمٌ مَظْلُومًا

Certainly, I had witnessed a pact of justice in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’an which, if I were called to it now in the time of Islam, I would respond. Make such alliances in order to return rights to their people, that no oppressor should have power over the oppressed.

Source: al-Dalāʼil fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth 243, Grade: Sahih

Ibn Hisham describes the nature of this pact, saying:

فَتَعَاقَدُوا وَتَعَاهَدُوا عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجِدُوا بِمَكَّةَ مَظْلُومًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِمَّنْ دَخَلَهَا مِنْ سَائِرِ النَّاسِ إلَّا قَامُوا مَعَهُ وَكَانُوا عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَهُ حَتَّى تُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَظْلِمَتُهُ

They promised and pledged that they would not find any oppressed person among their people or among anyone else who entered Makkah except that they would support him. They would stand against whoever oppressed them until the rights of the oppressed were returned.

Source: al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah 1/123


In Islam, justice is the universal right of all human beings regardless of their race, religion, or gender. It is one of the most fundamental purposes and objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʻah).

Ibn Al-Qayyim writes:

قَدْ بَيَّنَ سُبْحَانَهُ بِمَا شَرَعَهُ مِنْ الطُّرُقِ أَنَّ مَقْصُودَهُ إقَامَةُ الْعَدْلِ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ وَقِيَامُ النَّاسِ بِالْقِسْطِ فَأَيُّ طَرِيقٍ اُسْتُخْرِجَ بِهَا الْعَدْلُ وَالْقِسْطُ فَهِيَ مِنْ الدِّينِ وَلَيْسَتْ مُخَالِفَةً لَهُ

Allah the Exalted has made clear in his law that the objective is the establishment of justice between His servants and fairness among the people, so whichever path leads to justice and fairness is part of the religion and can never oppose it.

 Source: al-Ṭuruq al-Ḥikmīya 13

Since justice is a universal right, Islam encourages Muslims to cooperate with non-Muslims in agreements like the Hilf al-Fudul in order to protect people from injustice, return the rights of the oppressed, and perform any kind of charitable work that benefits humanity as a whole.

Allah said:

وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ

Cooperate in righteousness and piety, and do not cooperate in sin and aggression.

Surat Al-Ma’idah 5:2

Ibn Kathir comments on this verse, saying:

يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْمُعَاوَنَةِ عَلَى فِعْلِ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَهُوَ الْبَرُّ وَتَرْكِ الْمُنْكِرَاتِ وَهُوَ التَّقْوَى وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ التَّنَاصُرِ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ وَالتَّعَاوُنِ عَلَى الْمَآثِمِ وَالْمَحَارِمِ

Allah the Exalted commands his faithful servants to cooperate in good deeds, which is righteousness (birr), and to avoid evil deeds, which is piety (taqwa). He prohibits them from supporting one another in falsehood and cooperating in sinfulness and unlawfulness.

Source: Tafsīr al-Qurʼān al-Karīm 5:2

Some of the pre-Islamic alliances were nullified by Islam, such as those that were based upon vulgar tribalism, sin, and transgression. However,  Rasulullah continued to make pacts based upon justice well after the emigration to Madinah.

Asim reported: I said to Anas ibn Malik,رضي الله عنه that  Rasulullah, declared there was no pact in Islam. Anas, رضي الله عنه, said:

قَدْ حَالَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِي

Rasulullah  ,  made a pact between the Quraish and the Ansar in my house.

Source: Sahih Bukhari 5733, Grade: Sahih

 An-Nawawi comments on this tradition, saying:

الْمَنْفِيُّ حِلْفُ التَّوَارُثِ وَمَا يَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ الشَّرْعُ وَأَمَّا التَّحَالُفُ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَنَصْرِ الْمَظْلُومِ وَالْمُؤَاخَاةِ فِي اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَهُوَ أَمْرٌ مُرَغَّبٌ فِيهِ

The inherited pacts and what the law prohibits have been annulled. As for a pact in obedience to Allah, supporting the oppressed, and brotherhood for the sake of Allah, then it is a matter to be desired.

Source: Fatḥ al-Bārī 5733

In another tradition, Rasulullah, explicitly confirmed that all pre-Islamic and non-Islamic alliances based upon justice and charity, such as the Hilf al-Fudul, are upheld and strengthened by Islam.

Ibn Abbas,رضي الله عنه, reported: Rasulullah said:

كُلُّ حِلْفٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ الْإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً أَوْ حِدَّةً

Every pact from the time of ignorance is not increased by Islam except in strength and affirmation.

Source: Musnad Ahmad 2904, Grade: Sahih

 Zuhrah said:

حِلْفٌ كَحِلْفِ الْفُضُولِ وَكَانَ حِلْفُهُمْ أَنْ لَا يُعِينَ ظَالِمٌ مَظْلُومًا بِمَكَّةَ

It is a pact such as the Hilf al-Fudul, in which they agreed not to help an oppressor over an oppressed person in Makkah.

Source: Fatḥ al-Bārī 2172

The classical scholars held that it is permissible for Muslims to cooperate and seek help from non-Muslims if there is a benefit in it and it involves no sin. In fact, Rasulullah told us a time would come when the Muslims would make peace with the Romans and cooperate against a common enemy.

Hassan ibn Atiyah, رضي الله عنه,, reported: Rasulullah said:

سَتُصَالِحُونَ الرُّومَ صُلْحًا آمِنًا وَتَغْزُونَ أَنْتُمْ وَهُمْ عَدُوًّا مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ

You will make a secure peace with the Romans, and together you will fight an enemy from behind you.

Source: Sunan Abu Dawud 2767, Grade: Sahih

 An-Nawawi writes:

وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَآخَرُونَ إِنْ كَانَ الْكَافِرُ حَسَنَ الرَّأْيِ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَدَعَتِ الْحَاجَةُ إِلَى الِاسْتِعَانَةِ بِهِ اسْتُعِينَ بِهِ وَإِلَّا فَيُكْرَهُ

Ash-Shafi’ee and others said that if the unbelievers have good advice for the Muslims and there is a need for their help, then their help may be sought; otherwise it is disapproved.

Source: Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1871

The scholars relied upon the evidence of many instances in the life of Rasulullah, in which he sought the assistance of non-Muslims.

Ash-Shawkani writes:

وَأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّهَا تَجُوزُ الِاسْتِعَانَةُ بِالْكُفَّارِ وَالْفُسَّاقِ حَيْثُ يَسْتَقِيمُونَ عَلَى أَوَامِرِهِ وَنَوَاهِيهِ وَاسْتَدَلُّوا بِاسْتِعَانَتِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَاسٍ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَبِاسْتِعَانَتِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٌ وَبِإِخْبَارِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَنَّهَا سَتَقَعُ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مُصَالَحَةُ الرُّومِ وَيَغْزُونَ جَمِيعًا عَدُوًّا مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

Abu Hanifa and his companions held that it is permissible to seek help from the unbelievers and sinners as long as they are adhering to the commands and prohibitions.

They used as evidence that Rasulullah, sought help from some people among the Jews as mentioned, he sought the help of Safwan ibn Umayyah at the battle of Hunain, and he reported that an alliance would be made between the Muslims and the Romans in which they would together fight an enemy from behind the Muslims.

Source: Nayl al-Awṭār 7/264

 Therefore, we should investigate many different ways in which we can cooperate with non-Muslims for a good cause. Today, our world is racked by violence from every direction, countless people live in grinding poverty, and our climate is threatened by pollution. These are issues that matter to all human beings regardless of their religion or ideology, as they put our collective future in danger. Hence, by forging international alliances to tackle these problems together, we can better serve Allah, our religion, and all of humanity at the same time.

Success comes from Allah, and Allah knows best.

(Ibn Kathîr, al-Bidâya, II, 295)

Source: Osman Nuri Topbaş, The Prophet Muhammed Mustafa the Elect, Erkam Publication

[1] Ibn Hishâm, I, 198; Ibn Saad, I, 126-128.

[2] Ibn Kathîr, al-Bidâya, II, 295-296; Ibn Saad, I, 128-129.

Chapter 61: The Light They Followed




The Messenger is called a Light because the first thing which Allah brought forth from the darkness of oblivion with the light of His power was the light of Muhammad, Blessings and peace upon him, as he (the Prophet) said: The first thing Allah created is my light." 




THE LIGHT THEY FOLLOWED


What a teacher Rasulullah was, and what a man! Rasulullah was filled with greatness, honesty, and sublimity! Truly, those overwhelmed with his greatness have their excuse, and those who sacrificed their lives for his sake are the most triumphant.


Muhammad ibn Abd Allah was Rasulullah to the people in the midsummer of life. What mystery was available to him that made him a man to honor among human beings. And what grand hands did Rasulullah extend towards heaven to let all the gates of mercy, blessing, and guidance open widely? What faith, what chastity, and what purity. What modesty, what love, and what loyalty. What devotion to truth and what reverence to life and the living?


Allah bestowed upon him the amount of blessing to qualify him to carry his standard and speak for Him and made him capable of being the last of His messengers. Therefore, Allah's bounty towards him was great. However the brains, inspiration, and pens compete to talk about him or to sing hymns of praise to reveal his greatness, they all seem insignificant due to his superior traits.


If the introductory pages of this blog need to start with a talk about Rasulullah, they cannot hope to give him his due praise nor claim that they are really introducing the great Rasulullah to the readers. It is only a mere reference to his eminence and some of his superior qualities that make people cherish him and which drew him unprecedented loyalty by some of the figures mentioned in the book whether they were Muhaajiruun or Ansaar or from the Quraish.


No sooner had life emerged than Allah made all its breeze hail his coming, and sent messengers to all men everywhere, carrying the principles of the divine call and the fragrance of the caller, the truth of the teachings, the eminence of the master, the enlightenment of the message and the compassion of Rasulullah.


That is true. This was the main objective, no more. It is to perceive in the light of one of his beams some of the traits of his rare eminence that brought about the believers' loyalty and made them perceive in Rasulullah the goal and the way, the teacher and the friend.


What made the nobles of his people hasten to his words and his religion. Saiyidina Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, Saiyidina Talhahرضي الله عنه, Saiyidina Az-Zubair رضي الله عنه, Saiyidina Umar Al Khattab رضي الله عنه Saiyidina Uthmaan Ibn Affaanرضي الله عنه, Saiyidina Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn `Awf رضي الله عنه, and Saiyidina Saad Ibn Abi Waqqaas رضي الله عنه, all abandoned in haste the wealth and glory of their community which surrounded them, receiving at the same time heavy burdens in life, full of cares, troubles, and conflict.


What made the weak of his community seek his protection, hasten to his standard his call, when they saw him without wealth or weapon, with the harm inflicted upon him and evil following him in a terrifying way, without his being able to avoid it;


What made the pre-Islamic tyrant `Umar ibn Al-Khattaab رضي الله عنه, who went to cut off his noble head with his sword, return to cut off with the same sword- made sharper through faith - the heads of Rasulullah's enemies and his persecutors.


What made the city's elite and noblemen go to him and promise to be his companions, voluntarily embracing a set of trouble and terror, knowing that the struggle between them and the Quraish would be more horrifying than terror itself.


What made those who believed in him increase and not decrease, though he declared day and night; 

"I hold no good or harm for you. I do not know what will become of me or you"!


What made them believe that the world would open its countries to them and that their feet would be wading in the gold and crowns of the world. And that the Qur'an they were reciting in secret would reverberate in strong tones and ringing voices, not only in their own generation or in their own peninsula but throughout the ages and everywhere.


What made them believe the prophecy told them by Rasulullah, though when they turned right and left they found nothing except heat, barren land, and stones emitting boiling vapor, their pointed heads looking like devils' heads.


What filled their hearts with certainty and- power. It was lbn `AbdAllah رضي الله عنه, who else could have done that they saw themselves with their own eyes all his virtues and all that distinguished him. They saw his chastity, his purity, his honesty, his straightforwardness, and his courage. They saw his superiority and his compassion. They saw his intellect and his eloquence. They saw the sun shining the way his truth and eminence shone.


They heard the growth of life running in his veins when Rasulullah started to bestow upon them his daily revelation and his past contemplation. They saw all these and more, not through a mask but face to face and in practice, through their own vision and perception.


When an Arab of those days saw something, he would talk as an expert. The Arabs were people of perception and intuition. If one of them saw some footprints on the road, he would tell you, "These are the footprints of such and such a person." Rasulullah would smell the breath of the one talking to him and realize what truth or falsity was inherent. 


These men saw Rasulullah and were his contemporaries since his coming into existence as a newborn babe. Nothing was concealed from them in his life. The stage of childhood which is unperceived by other than the child's people and close relations was, in the case of Rasulullah, seen and perceived by all the people of Makkah. That was because his childhood was not like any other. It drew attention to itself for its early signs of manliness and initiative, and for rejecting the usual play of children for the seriousness of men.


As an example, the Quraish used to talk about `Abd Al Muttalib's grandson kept away from the children's playgrounds and their celebrations, and used to say whenever he was invited to them, "I was not created for that."


Moreover, when Rasulullah wet nurse Haliimah took him back to his people, she told them her observations, her experience with the child, and what she saw in him to convince them he was not an ordinary child. She believed there was a hidden secret in him, unknown except to Allah, which might be revealed one day.


As to his youth, what chastity! He was clearer and more translucent. His people's preoccupation with Rasulullah and their talk about him were more constant and praising. As to his manhood, it was fully perceived by every eye, ear, and heart. Above all, it was his community's conscience, measuring through his conduct and behavior all their visions of truth, goodness, and beauty.


It was, then, a transparent and comprehended life from cradle to grave. All his visions, his steps, his words, his movements, even his dreams, his hopes, and his remembrances were the right of all the people from the first day he was born. It was as if Almighty Allah wished it to be like that to tell the people;


"That is My Messenger to you; his way is through reason and intellect, and that is his whole life since he was a baby."


Therefore, with all you possess of reason and intellect, examine his life and judge. Do you perceive any sense of suspicion? Do you see any false matter? Did Rasulullah ever tell a lie or betray anyone? Did Rasulullah ever treat anyone unjustly? Did Rasulullah ever expose a defect? Did Rasulullah ever abandon his kinship relations? Did Rasulullah neglect a duty or leave a noble action? Did Rasulullah insult anyone or worship an idol? Peruse well and meticulously and investigate, as there is no stage of his life that is hidden or veiled.


If his life as you see and perceive is nothing but purity, truth, and eminence, does it appeal to reason or logic that a man of such traits would tell lies after the age of forty? About whom would he lie? About Allah in order to claim he was Rasulullah chosen, selected, and inspired by Him? 

No, this is the answer to feeling and intuition. What is your way of thinking what right do you have to tell lies?


This, we believe, was the attitude of the early believers towards Rasulullah, the Muhaajiruun as well as those who sheltered and supported him.


It was a firm and swift attitude that did not leave any place for hesitation or idleness. A man who had such a pure and enlightened life could not play false with Allah. With such sharp insight, the believers saw the light of Allah and the following.


They would thank their insight when they saw later how Rasulullah was supported by Allah and how the whole peninsula was obliged to him. Many unperceived blessings and spoils were bestowed upon them while he became more modest, more austere, and more pious, until he met Allah at the appointed time, lying down on a mat that left its impressions on his body.


And when they saw him, Rasulullah whose standards victoriously and proudly filled the horizon, descended the pulpit and received the people, saying while he wept, "Whoever's back I whipped, here is my back, let him take his revenge; whoever's money I took, here is my money, let him take of it."


The believers saw him while his uncle Al-Abbaas رضي الله عنه was asking him to offer him one of the jobs obtained by ordinary Muslims, and he gently apologized, saying, Truly, uncle, we do not offer that job to someone who asks or someone who cares for it."


They saw Rasulullah not only sharing the trouble and hunger that befell people, but establishing for himself and his folk an unforsaken principle which was, "To be the first to feel hunger if people go hungry, and the last to satisfy hunger when people were starving." Yes, the early believers would be more thankful for their insight which perceived things well even before they came, thanking Allah Who had guided them to faith.


They would also see that life which was the best proof of the truth of Rasulullah when he said to them: "I am Allah's Messenger unto you."His life was truly eminent. Its eminence and purity are the best evidence of the truth of the great teacher and noble Rasulullah. Its level of excellence and eminence never declined nor fell, but remained steadfast from cradle to grave. Throughout life and after reaching his prime, it was as clear as day that the man who led that life and conveyed such a message was not seeking wealth, money, or sovereignty. When these were offered Rasulullah one golden platter associated with his triumphant leadership, he rejected them all and lived his life till the last breath devoting himself to Allah, repentant and chaste.


Rasulullah. never deviated from the purposes of his great life the breadth of a hair and never broke a promise to Allah in worship or in jihad.


No sooner would the latter part of the night begin than Rasulullah would get up, make his ablution, and remain as he was accustomed to do, invoking Allah, praying, and crying.


Mountains of wealth and money were accumulated in his possession, yet he did not change and never took of it except as the poorest and lowest of Muslims. Then Rasulullah died leaving only his armor in mortgage.


All the countries of the world came closer due to his call, and most of the kings of the earth stood before his message, in which he called them Islam, in awe and supplication. Yet, not an atom of boasting or arrogance crossed his way even at a great distance. When he saw people approaching him troubled and disturbed out of awe and reverence, he said to them, "Be easy, my mother used to eat dried meat in Makkah."


When all the enemies of his faith put down their weapons and bowed their heads waiting for him to pass judgment and while 10,000 swords of the Muslims were glittering on the Day of Conquest over the hills of Makkah, he merely said to his enemies, "Disperse, you are free!"


Even at the height of the victory for which he devoted his life, he deprived himself of it. He walked in the victory procession on the Day of the conquest bowing his head down until people could not see his face and repeated hymns of thanks to Allahﷻ in low tones, wet with tears, humbly raising his words to Allah until he reached the Ka'bah. He then confronted the idols and did what he did to them and said: 


وَقُلْ جَآءَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ ٱلْبَـٰطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلْبَـٰطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًۭا ٨١

"Truth has come and falsehood has vanished, indeed, falsehood is bound to vanish" 

(17: 81).


Is there any more doubt about his message? Rasulullah was a man who dedicated his whole life to a call in which he had no personal gain of wealth, position, sovereignty, or power. Biographical immortality was not even considered by him because he believed solely in the immorality of the second life when it was in the hands of Allah.


Rasulullah was a man who spent his life from childhood till the age of forty inpurity and contemplation. Then Rasulullah spent the rest of it in worship, guidance, jihad, and struggle, and when the world was brightened to him he rejected all its false glory and adhered to his way, his worship, and his message. How could such a man be a liar? Why should we tell lies? Surely, such a man such a messenger was above that!


We have mentioned that logic and reason were - and still are- the best proof of the truth of Rasulullah when he said, "I am Allah's Messenger." It does not appeal to good logic or to sound reason that a man who lived such a good life lies about Allah. Early believers who hastened to believe in his message, and whom we are honored to know something about through the pages of this book, had such a relation with him after their guidance from Allah, which is the best evidence of logic and reason.


We see Rasulullah before his message, and we see him after his message. We see him in his cradle, and we see him shrouded by death. But, have we seen any contradiction or inconsistency in all his life? Never!


Let us now approach the first years of his message. Those were years one rarely finds an equal to in the annals of history for constancy, truth, and eminence. Those were the years that revealed, more than any others, all the facets of the teacher and guide of all humanity. Those were years that opened the living book of his life and heroism and, more than any other years, represented the cradle of his miracles.


Throughout those years, Rasulullah was alone. Rasulullah left all he possessed of comfort, security, and a settled life. Rasulullahﷺ approached the people with what they were not familiar, with or rather with what they detested. He approached them and directed his words to their reasons, and it is a difficult task for a person who directs his speech to the minds of people instead of their feelings. The Messenger of Allah, Rasulullah did not only do that since the consequence of addressing the mind might be bearable if you are standing within the circle of common conventions and common aspirations. But when you call them towards a distant future which you perceive but they do not, which you live in and they are not aware of, it is a difficult task. Indeed, when you address their minds and rise to destroy the essence of their lives from the base, though you do that in a sincere, honest way and not urged by a certain purpose or glory, it is a risk that cannot be taken except by the leaders of the righteous people and messengers.


Rasulullah was the hero and great master of that situation. The form of worship at that time was worshiping idols, whose rites were observed as a religion. Rasulullah did not turn to any maneuvers or intrigues. The unpaved road and the heavy burden would have been good excuses if he had used his brilliant mind to prepare them for the word "monotheism" instead of surprising them with it. He was able and it was his right to prepare to isolate the community from its idol-gods which had been handed down from generation to generation for centuries. He could have started by going around the issue to avoid as much as possible a direct confrontation he knew would bestir all the envy of his people and draw upon them all their weapons against him.


Yet, he did not. This illustrates that he was a RasulullahRasulullah heard a divine voice within him telling him to rise, and he did, and telling him to deliver the message, and he did so without the force of weapons and without fleeing! Rasulullah confronted them from the first instant with the essence of the message and the core of the case: "O people, I am the Messenger of Allah unto you, to worship Him and not to set partners with Him. These idols are intellectual falsehood. They are of no harm or benefit to you".


From the very beginning, he faced them with such clear and plain words, and from the very beginning he faced the severe struggle which he had to undergo his departure from life!


Or were the early believers in need of a prompting power to support Rasulullah.

What awakened conscience would not be stirred by such a rare and unique scene! It was the scene of a man known to the people to have full intellectual power and immaculate behavior, standing alone, facing his people with a call that could bring mountains down. Words were issuing forth from his heart and lips, obedient and superb, as if in them lay all the power, will, and design of the future, as if it were fate announcing its proclamation! But perhaps this was the prompting of a good spirit, after which Rasulullah would worship his Lord as he liked, leaving the deities of his people in their place and leaving his community's religion alone.


If such a thought occurred to some minds at that time, Rasulullah soon dissipated it. Hemmed it quite clear to the people that he was a Rasulullah and had to convey the message, that he could not be silent nor turn into himself after being guided by the truth and enlightenment. All the powers of the world and nature could not have silenced him or stopped him because it was Allah Who made him speak and move and Who guided his footsteps.


The Quraish's reaction came as swift as flames stirred by a violent wind. Troubles began to be wreaked upon a soul unaccustomed to anything but absolute grace. Rasulullah then began to teach his first lessons with utmost mastery and amazing loyalty. The image of this scene is paramount in all places and at all times, as well as in history. Those with an awakened conscience Makkah were pleased, filled with admiration, and came closer. They beheld a lofty and majestic man. They did not know whether his neck had become longer until it was able to touch the sky or the sky had come down to crown his head. They beheld loyalty, steadfastness, and eminence.


However, the best scene they beheld was on the day when the noblemen of the Quraish went to AbuTaalib saying, "Verily, we cannot tolerate a person who insults our fathers, mocks our dreams, and finds fault with our deities. You either stop him or we fight both of you until one of the parties is destroyed."Abu Taalib sent a message to his nephew saying, "My nephew, your people have approached me and talked about your affairs. You have to think of me and yourself and not burden me with what I cannot endure."


What then was the attitude of Rasulullah?


The only man who had stood with him seemed to be abandoning him or rather seemed unable to confront the Quraish who sharpened all their teeth. Rasulullah did not hesitate in his reply, and his determination did not waver. No! Rasulullah did not even search for the words to show his tenacity. It was already there, efficiently rising to deliver one of his most significant lessons to the whole of humanity and to dictate its highest principles.


Thus he spoke: "O uncle, by Allah if they put the sun on my right and the moon on my left in order to abandon this matter until it is manifested by Allah or I perish by it, I would never abandon it!" Peace be upon you, O! Prophet of Islam, you who were colossal among men, and your words were colossal.


Abu Taalib thereupon restored his courage and the courage of his forefathers at once, clasped the right hand of his nephew with his two hands, and said, "Say what you like, for, by Allah, I will never force you to do anything at all."


Rasulullah then did not depend on his uncle for protection and security, though his uncle was capable of that, he was the one bestowing security, protection, and steadfastness on people around him.


Any honest person who beholds a scene like that cannot but hasten to love, be loyal to, and believe in that of RasulullahRasulullah persistence regarding truth, his perseverance with the message, and his patience during great troubles were all for the sake of Allah and not for personal benefit. All these were bound to attract brilliant minds and to awaken conscientious people to follow the light beckoning to them and hasten to the honest and true Rasulullah who came to purify our souls and guide us. 


People beheld him while harm was reaching him from everycomer. The condolence he had sought from his uncle Abu Taalib and his wife Khadijah رضي الله was denied him because they both died within days of each other. Whoever desires to imagine the extent of persecution and war launched by the Quraish against the unarmed Rasulullah, suffice it to know that Abu Lahab himself, who was his most bitter rival and enemy, was so conscience-stricken one day by what he beheld that he announced he would protect Rasulullah, help him, and stand against any aggression against him. But Rasulullah refused his protection and remained lofty, raising his head and remaining loyal to his message. Nobody could avert harm from him because nobody dared to do so! Even the eminent Abu Bakr could do nothing but weep.


One day, Rasulullah went to the Ka'bah and, while he was circumambulating it, the nobles of the Quraish who were waiting for him suddenly ran and surrounded him, saying, "Is it you that say such-and-such a thing about our deities?"And he calmly answered them, "Yes, I say that." They held him by the end of his clothes while Abu Bakr pleaded for his release, saying with tears pouring, "Are you going to kill a man for saying, Allah is my Lord?"


Whoever saw Rasulullah on the day of At-Taa'if was sure to see some example of his truth and loyalty worthy of him. Rasulullah turned his face towards the tribe of Thaqiif, calling them to Allah, the One and the Vanquisher.


Was not what he was encountering from his clan and his folk enough? Did it not warn him of increasing harm when it comes from people he had no blood relations with? Absolutely not, because these harmful consequences were not considered by him. Almighty Allah had commanded him to deliver the message, and that was enough. Rasulullah remembered the day when the intransigence of his community increased and he went home covering himself in bed in sorrow.  Allah heard the voice of heaven reaching his heart, and immediately he heard the voice of revelation casting the same matter as on the day of the cave:

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمُدَّثِّرُ ١

قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ ٢

"O you uncovered --- Arise and warn" 

(74:1-2).

Then he had to deliver the message and warn. Therefore, he was a Rasulullah who did not care about harm and did not search for comfort. Let him go then to Al-Taa'if to convey the word of  Allahﷻ to its people.


There, however, the nobles of the community surrounded him and were more cunning than their mates in Makkah. They set children and hooligans against him, and they abandoned the most sacred of the customs of the Arabs, which is hospitality to guests and protection of the one who asks for help.


They set their hooligans and their young boys after Rasulullah, throwing stones at him. This was the one for whom the Quraish offered to collect money to make him the richest among them and to be their leader and king! Yet, he refused saying," l am but the slave of Allahﷻ and Rasulullah."


Now we behold him in At-Taa'if where he retired to an orchard to be protected by its walls from the pursuit of the hooligans. His right hand was stretched toward heaven praying to Allah while his left hand was protecting his face from the stones thrown at him. He was calling to his Creator and Lord, saying, "If You are not angry with me, I do not care for other things, but granting me Your mercy is too generous of You.!'


Indeed, he was a Rasulullah who knew how to address his Lord with courtesy! When he declared that he did not care about harm for the sake of Allah, he also declared that he was in dire need of mercy granted by Allah. In a situation like this, he did not feel proud of his endurance and courage, nor did he boast. Boasting in such a situation might suggest bestowing favor on Allah, and this fact could not be hidden from Rasulullah. Therefore, the best way to express his courage and endurance in such a situation was his pleading and his invocation.


So he went on asking Allah's pardon and invoking Him, "O Allah, to You I complain of the weakness of my strength, my inability to find a way, and my humiliation by the people. O the Most Compassionate, You are the Lord of the weak, and You are my Lord. To whom do You entrust me? To a distant relation who ignores me or to an enemy who has power over me? If You are not angry with me, Rasulullah does not care about other things, but granting me Your mercy is too generous of You. I seek refuge in the light of Your face that brightens the darkness and amends the affairs of this world and the next. 


Do not be angry or dissatisfied with me. I beg Your favor until You are satisfied with me. There is no strength or power except through You." What loyalty Rasulullah had to his call! He was an unarmed person faced with plots everywhere he went. Rasulullah had nothing in life to strengthen him, yet he carried all that persistence, all that steadfastness, and loyalty!


People beheld him returning from Al-Taa'if to Makkah without any sense of despair or defeat, but more hopeful, optimistic, and dedicated. Moreover, he presented himself to the tribes, reaching them in their own localities and districts. One day he went to Bani Kindah, another day to Bani Haniifah, then to Bani `Aamir, and thus from one tribe to another. He said to them all, "I am the Messenger of Allah to you. He commands you to worship Allah and not to take partners with Him, and to abandon what you worship of idols."At the houses of the nearby tribes, Abu Lahab used to follow him, saying to the people, "Do not believe him, for he is calling you to what is false."


People beheld Rasulullah in such a critical situation seeking believers and assistants, but he was met with ingratitude and enmity. They saw him refusing any bargains and refusing to have a worldly price for faith.


In those scorching days, Rasulullah presented himself to Bani `Aamir ibn Sa'sa'ah and sat with them speaking about Allah and reciting some of His words. They inquired, "Do you believe that if we supported you in your affair and then Allah raised you above those who opposed you, we would take the matter after you?" He Rasulullah answered saying, "This matter is in the hands of Allah. He puts it wherever He wishes." There and then they dispersed, saying, "We need not your affair." Rasulullah left them, looking for believers who do not buy a little worth with their faith.


People beheld him, but few believed in him. Despite their number, he found in them comfort and company. However, the Quraish decided that each tribe should be in charge of giving lessons to the believers among them. So, suddenly, persecution descended like a mad storm and hit all the Muslims. The polytheists did not know a crime but committed it against the Muslims. However, an unexpected surprise took place. Rasulullah gave orders to all the Muslims to emigrate to Abyssinia and decided to remain alone to face the aggression!


Why did he not emigrate to convey the word of Allah in another place, for Allah is the Lord of All the Worlds and not the Lord of the Quraish alone? Or why did he not let them stay with him, since in their staying there was confirmed benefit? Surely their stay in Makkah, in spite of their small number, would have induced others to embrace Islam, the religion of Allah.


Furthermore, there were among them a good number of the noblest families of the Quraish, the strongest and the most powerful. From the tribe of Bani Umaiyah there were `Uthmaan lbn `Affaan,`Amr lbn Sa'iid lbn al-'Aas and Khaalidlbn Sa'iid Ibn Al-'Aas From Bani Asad there were Az-Zubair lbn Al-' Awaam,Al-Aswad lbn Nawfal, Yaziid lbn Zam'ah , and `Amr lbn Umaiyah. From the tribe of Bani Zahrah, there were `Abd Ar-Rahman lbn `Awf, `Aamir ibn Abi WaqqaasMaalik Ibn Ahyab, and Al-Muttalib Ibn Azhar. There were these and others whose families would not be patient for long with their persecution and infliction of harm upon them. Why, then, did Rasulullah not let them stay with him to support him and to be a sign of possible power in his hands?


Here the eminence of Rasulullah, the Messenger of Allahﷻ shines. He did not want commotion or civil war, even if the probability of his success was there, or even if he was sure of his success! Here the Messenger's humanity and compassion are illustrated, for he could not bear to see people persecuted because of him, although he was well aware that sacrifice was the price paid in every noble struggle and in every great mission. Sacrifice should be made whenever it is inevitable. But now, when it is possible to avoid suffering, let the Muslims turn that way. Why, then, did he not join them?


He was not commanded to depart. His place was there where idols were. He would keep uttering the name of Allah, the One. Rasulullah would keep receiving pain and harm without anxiety or disquietude since it was he who had harmed and not those weak people who believed in him and followed him and not even those noble men who also believed in him and followed him! Whoever knows examples of such cases of steadfastness and nobility of sacrifice, let him come up with them. It is a lofty matter capable only of leading messengers and chosen ones.


The man and Rasulullah came together in such a magnificent and well knife counter. Those who had doubts in his message did not have any doubt in his eminence, the purity of his quintessence, or the purity of his humanity. Allah, Who knew where to place His Message, had chosen such a man who was the best humanity could achieve in elevation, loftiness, and honesty. People heard him reprimanding them for any exaggeration in glorifying him or even when they merely stated his eminence without any exaggeration. Rasulullah prohibited them even from standing up in his presence when he came up to them when they were seated. He said, "Do not stand as non-Arabs do when they glorify one another."

When the sun eclipsed on the day of the death of his beloved son Ibraahiim, the Muslims mentioned that it was an eclipse out of sadness for the loss of Ibraahiim. But the great and honest Rasulullah hastened to refute and negate this assumption before it turned into a legend. Rasulullah stood among Muslims, addressing them as follows: "The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah. They never eclipse for the death or life of anybody."Rasulullah was the one trusted with the minds of people and their thinking, and so accomplishing what was entrusted to him was more worthy than the glory of all the world. Rasulullah was certain that he came to humanity to change their way of life and that he was not a Messenger to the Quraish alone, or to the Arabs only, but was Allah's Messenger to all the people on earth!


Almighty Allah directed his vision to how far his mission would reach and his banner flutter. He perceived the truth of the faith he announced, the living immortality it would have until Allah inherited the earth and those upon it. Nevertheless, he did not see in himself, or his religion, or his unprecedented success more than a brick in the construction! This great man stood to proclaim this idea in one of his best statements, saying, "The relation between prophets who came before me and myself is like a man who built a house and constructed it well and decorated it, except for a brick in one of its corners. This made people go around it and express their astonishment, saying, Won't this brick be placed? I am such a brick, and I am the last of the Prophets."


All that long life he lived, all his struggles and heroism, all his glory and purity, all the victory achieved in his life for his religion and the victory he knew would be achieved after his death was nothing but a brick, a mere brick in a lofty and deeply founded building. He was the one who proclaimed this and reiterated it. In addition, he did not make up such a speech out of assumed modesty, to nourish a hunger for glory. Rasulullah emphasized the situation as a fact. Its delivery and transmission he considered part of the quintessence of his message. Though modesty was one of the essential characteristics of Muhammad (PBUH), it was not the only sign of his greatness, which reached an unrivaled level of excellence and superiority to be a sign and a symbol of self.


That was the teacher of mankind and the last of the prophets. Rasulullah was the light seen by the people, and he lived among them as a human being, and then after his departure from this world, he was seen by the whole world as a truth and a memory. Now, while we meet a number of his noble Companions on the following pages of this book we will be astonished by their faith, their sacrifices, and the good cause they set for their lives, which was unprecedented - the reason for their marvelous lives will be clear before us. This reason was nothing but the light they followed who was Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). Almighty Allah had combined in him the vision of truth and self-dignity, which honored life and illuminated the destiny of mankind.

Chapter 62: BATTLES OF HILF AL FUDUL- The Event that happened before Muhammad chosen to be a Prophet.

The Ḥarb al-fijār, the sacrilegious war, took place during the reign of al-Nuʿmān III (580-602 CE) who irrigated Quraysh, the controller of ...

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